Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are bio-plausible models that hold great potential for realizing energy-efficient implementations of sequential tasks on resource-constrained edge devices. However, commercial edge platforms based on standard GPUs are not optimized to deploy SNNs, resulting in high energy and latency. While analog In-Memory Computing (IMC) platforms can serve as energy-efficient inference engines, they are accursed by the immense energy, latency, and area requirements of high-precision ADCs (HP-ADC), overshadowing the benefits of in-memory computations. We propose a hardware/software co-design methodology to deploy SNNs into an ADC-Less IMC architecture using sense-amplifiers as 1-bit ADCs replacing conventional HP-ADCs and alleviating the above issues. Our proposed framework incurs minimal accuracy degradation by performing hardware-aware training and is able to scale beyond simple image classification tasks to more complex sequential regression tasks. Experiments on complex tasks of optical flow estimation and gesture recognition show that progressively increasing the hardware awareness during SNN training allows the model to adapt and learn the errors due to the non-idealities associated with ADC-Less IMC. Also, the proposed ADC-Less IMC offers significant energy and latency improvements, $2-7\times$ and $8.9-24.6\times$, respectively, depending on the SNN model and the workload, compared to HP-ADC IMC.

Community detection in Social Networks is associated with finding and grouping the most similar nodes inherent in the network. These similar nodes are identified by computing tie strength. Stronger ties indicates higher proximity shared by connected node pairs. This work is motivated by Granovetter's argument that suggests that strong ties lies within densely connected nodes and the theory that community cores in real-world networks are densely connected. In this paper, we have introduced a novel method called \emph{Disjoint Community detection using Cascades (DCC)} which demonstrates the effectiveness of a new local density based tie strength measure on detecting communities. Here, tie strength is utilized to decide the paths followed for propagating information. The idea is to crawl through the tuple information of cascades towards the community core guided by increasing tie strength. Considering the cascade generation step, a novel preferential membership method has been developed to assign community labels to unassigned nodes. The efficacy of $DCC$ has been analyzed based on quality and accuracy on several real-world datasets and baseline community detection algorithms.

Machine learning (ML) has recently facilitated many advances in solving problems related to many-body physical systems. Given the intrinsic quantum nature of these problems, it is natural to speculate that quantum-enhanced machine learning will enable us to unveil even greater details than we currently have. With this motivation, this paper examines a quantum machine learning approach based on shallow variational ansatz inspired by tensor networks for supervised learning tasks. In particular, we first look at the standard image classification tasks using the Fashion-MNIST dataset and study the effect of repeating tensor network layers on ansatz's expressibility and performance. Finally, we use this strategy to tackle the problem of quantum phase recognition for the transverse-field Ising and Heisenberg spin models in one and two dimensions, where we were able to reach $\geq 98\%$ test-set accuracies with both multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) and tree tensor network (TTN) inspired parametrized quantum circuits.

The primary obstacle to developing technologies for low-resource languages is the lack of representative, usable data. In this paper, we report the deployment of technology-driven data collection methods for creating a corpus of more than 60,000 translations from Hindi to Gondi, a low-resource vulnerable language spoken by around 2.3 million tribal people in south and central India. During this process, we help expand information access in Gondi across 2 different dimensions (a) The creation of linguistic resources that can be used by the community, such as a dictionary, children's stories, Gondi translations from multiple sources and an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) based mass awareness platform; (b) Enabling its use in the digital domain by developing a Hindi-Gondi machine translation model, which is compressed by nearly 4 times to enable it's edge deployment on low-resource edge devices and in areas of little to no internet connectivity. We also present preliminary evaluations of utilizing the developed machine translation model to provide assistance to volunteers who are involved in collecting more data for the target language. Through these interventions, we not only created a refined and evaluated corpus of 26,240 Hindi-Gondi translations that was used for building the translation model but also engaged nearly 850 community members who can help take Gondi onto the internet.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

With recent developments in Social Computing, Natural Language Processing and Clinical Psychology, the social NLP research community addresses the challenge of automation in mental illness on social media. A recent extension to the problem of multi-class classification of mental health issues is to identify the cause behind the user's intention. However, multi-class causal categorization for mental health issues on social media has a major challenge of wrong prediction due to the overlapping problem of causal explanations. There are two possible mitigation techniques to solve this problem: (i) Inconsistency among causal explanations/ inappropriate human-annotated inferences in the dataset, (ii) in-depth analysis of arguments and stances in self-reported text using discourse analysis. In this research work, we hypothesise that if there exists the inconsistency among F1 scores of different classes, there must be inconsistency among corresponding causal explanations as well. In this task, we fine tune the classifiers and find explanations for multi-class causal categorization of mental illness on social media with LIME and Integrated Gradient (IG) methods. We test our methods with CAMS dataset and validate with annotated interpretations. A key contribution of this research work is to find the reason behind inconsistency in accuracy of multi-class causal categorization. The effectiveness of our methods is evident with the results obtained having category-wise average scores of $81.29 \%$ and $0.906$ using cosine similarity and word mover's distance, respectively.

Panoptic segmentation assigns semantic and instance ID labels to every pixel of an image. As permutations of instance IDs are also valid solutions, the task requires learning of high-dimensional one-to-many mapping. As a result, state-of-the-art approaches use customized architectures and task-specific loss functions. We formulate panoptic segmentation as a discrete data generation problem, without relying on inductive bias of the task. A diffusion model based on analog bits is used to model panoptic masks, with a simple, generic architecture and loss function. By simply adding past predictions as a conditioning signal, our method is capable of modeling video (in a streaming setting) and thereby learns to track object instances automatically. With extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our generalist approach can perform competitively to state-of-the-art specialist methods in similar settings.

秋季和春季的寒冷温度有可能对葡萄藤和其他水果植物造成霜冻损害，这可能会大大降低收获产量。为了防止这些损失，农民在判断可能造成损失时，采取了昂贵的霜冻缓解措施，例如洒水装置，加热器和风车。然而，这种判断是具有挑战性的，因为植物的冷耐度在整个休眠期间变化，并且很难直接测量。这导致科学家开发了基于费力的现场测量数据，可以将其调整为不同的葡萄品种。在本文中，我们研究了深度学习模型是否可以基于在30年期间收集的数据来改善葡萄的冷坚硬预测。一个关键的挑战是，每个品种的数据量高度可变，有些品种只有少量。为此，我们研究了多任务学习来利用各种品种的数据，以提高个人品种的预测性能。我们评估了许多多任务学习方法，并表明，性能最高的方法能够显着改善单个品种的学习，并优于大多数品种的当前最新科学模型。

会员推理（MI）攻击突出了当前神经网络随机培训方法中的隐私弱点。然而，它为什么出现。它们仅是不完美概括的自然结果吗？在培训期间，我们应该解决哪些根本原因以减轻这些攻击？为了回答此类问题，我们提出了第一种解释MI攻击及其基于原则性因果推理的概括的方法。我们提供因果图，以定量地解释以$ 6 $攻击变体获得的观察到的MI攻击性能。我们驳斥了几种先前的非量化假设，这些假设过于简化或过度估计潜在原因的影响，从而未能捕获几个因素之间的复杂相互作用。我们的因果模型还通过共同的因果因素显示了概括和MI攻击之间的新联系。我们的因果模型具有很高的预测能力（$ 0.90 $），即它们的分析预测与经常看不见的实验中的观察结果相匹配，这使得通过它们的分析成为务实的替代方案。

社交媒体平台上的有效内容建议应该能够使创作者受益，以赢得公平的薪酬和消费者，以享受真正相关，有趣和个性化的内容。在本文中，我们提出了一个模型，以实施内容推荐系统的流动民主原则。它使用基于声誉排名系统的个性化推荐模型来鼓励个人兴趣驱动推荐。此外，在社交网络（我们案例研究中的初始输入Twitter渠道）上，最终用户的高阶朋友的个性化因素，以提高建议结果的准确性和多样性。本文根据Twitter上的加密货币新闻分析了数据集，以使用液体排名声誉系统找到意见领导者。本文介绍了内容建议模型中液体等级的层2。该模型还可以用作其他推荐系统中的附加层。本文提出了液体等级声誉模型的实施，挑战和未来范围。